Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your First Serbian Uprising shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the First Serbian Uprising offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of First Serbian Uprising at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a First Serbian Uprising? Wrong! If the First Serbian Uprising is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about First Serbian Uprising then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling First Serbian Uprising? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about First Serbian Uprising and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your First Serbian Uprising wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your First Serbian Uprising then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the First Serbian Uprising site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about First Serbian Uprising, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your First Serbian Uprising, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
The
First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national
revolution which lasted for nine years and approx. nine months (
1804-
1813), during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after 300 years of History of Ottoman Serbia and short-lasting
Treaty of Belgrade. Revolutionary Serbia responded to the Ottoman Massacre of Serbian knights by establishing its separate
government (
Praviteljstvujusci Sovjet), Serbian Karadjordje, Parliament (
Zbor) and University of Belgrade. Even though it was brutally crushed by the Ottomans in
1813, this revolution sparked the
Second Serbian Uprising in
1815, which resulted with the creation of modern Serbia, as it gained semi-independence from Ottoman Empire in
1817 (formally in 1829).
Background
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Turkish-Austrian war of 1791, Serbs living under Turkish rule began to realize the potential for success in an uprising against the Ottomans.
Seeing the growing displeasure, the
Ottoman dynasty Selim III proclaimed fermans in 1793 and
1796 which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by local Serbian rulers called
knezes ("local dukes"), freedom of trade and religion were granted, and, most importantly, the Janissary corps were to leave Belgrade Pashaluk.
However, on January 30, 1799, the Turkish court allowed the Janissaries to return. They and their leaders, the dahias, showed little respect towards any authority, even the central Turkish government. After killing
Vizier Hadzi-Mustafa of Belgrade in 1801, they started to rule Serbia on their own. Recently-granted rights were suspended, and dahias exerted unlimited rule over Belgrade Pashaluk.
Taxes were drastically increased, land was seized, forced labour (
čitlučenje) was introduced, and many citizens fled the Janissaries in fear.
The Uprising begins
Serb leaders began to conspire about starting an uprising against the dahias. When the dahias found out about this, they captured and killed many of the Serbian leaders on
February 4, 1804 in an event known today as
Seča knezova (
Massacre of Serbian knights). This mistake by the Janissaries incited the uprising, as it angered the people and the leaders had nothing to lose.
On February 14, 1804, in the small
Šumadija village of Orašac, Serbia, the Serbs gathered and decided to undertake an uprising.
Karađorđe Petrović was elected as the leader of the uprising, which started immediately. That afternoon, a Turkish inn (
caravanserai) in Orašac was burned and its residents fled or were killed. Similar actions were undertaken in surrounding villages and then spread further. Soon the cities Valjevo and Požarevac were liberated, and the
siege of
Belgrade started.
When he was informed about the uprising, Selim III started to negotiate with the rebels. Dahias escaped from Belgrade, but they were captured and killed on the island of Ada Kaleh in the
Danube.Eventually, the negotiations failed, and the Sultan organised a military campaign against the uprising.
The first major battle of the uprising was the
Battle of Ivankovac in
1805, where Karadjordje defeated the Turkish army and forced it to retreat toward
Niš. The second major battle of the uprising was Battle of Mišar in 1806, in which the rebels defeated an Ottoman army from
Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire led by
Kulin Captain. At the same time, the rebels led by
Petar Dobrnjac defeated another army sent from the southeast in the
Battle of Deligrad. In December 1806, the rebels besieged Belgrade, which was liberated in the beginning of
1807.
The outcome
In 1805 the Serbian rebels organized a basic government for administering Serbia during the combat.Rule was divided between the Narodna Skupstina (People's assembly), the Praviteljstvujusci Sovjet (Ruling Council), and
Karadjordje himself. Land was returned, forced labour was abolished, and
taxes were reduced. The young state was modernised and by
1808 the Great School was founded, regarded as the foundation of the University of Belgrade.
Some of the leaders of the uprising later abused their privileges for personal gain, such as the reintroduction of forced labour in some places. There was dissent between Karadjordje and other leaders; Karadjordje wanted absolute power, while his voivods wanted to limit it. After the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 ended, the Ottoman Empire exploited these circumstances and reconquered Serbia in 1813.
Though ultimately unsuccessful, the First Serbian Uprising paved the way for the
Second Serbian Uprising of 1815, which eventually succeeded in securing Serbian autonomy.
Battles
People
External links
- Program of celebration of 200th anniversary of the uprising
The
First Serbian Uprising was a
Serbian national revolution which lasted for nine years and approx. nine months (
1804-1813), during which Serbia perceived itself as an independent state for the first time after 300 years of History of Ottoman Serbia and short-lasting Treaty of Belgrade. Revolutionary Serbia responded to the Ottoman
Massacre of Serbian knights by establishing its separate
government (
Praviteljstvujusci Sovjet), Serbian
Karadjordje,
Parliament (
Zbor) and University of Belgrade. Even though it was brutally crushed by the
Ottomans in 1813, this revolution sparked the
Second Serbian Uprising in 1815, which resulted with the creation of modern Serbia, as it gained semi-independence from Ottoman Empire in 1817 (formally in 1829).
Background
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Turkish-Austrian war of
1791, Serbs living under Turkish rule began to realize the potential for success in an uprising against the Ottomans.
Seeing the growing displeasure, the
Ottoman dynasty Selim III proclaimed
fermans in
1793 and 1796 which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by local Serbian rulers called
knezes ("local dukes"), freedom of trade and religion were granted, and, most importantly, the
Janissary corps were to leave Belgrade Pashaluk.
However, on January 30, 1799, the Turkish court allowed the Janissaries to return. They and their leaders, the dahias, showed little respect towards any authority, even the central Turkish government. After killing Vizier Hadzi-Mustafa of
Belgrade in 1801, they started to rule Serbia on their own. Recently-granted rights were suspended, and dahias exerted unlimited rule over Belgrade Pashaluk.
Taxes were drastically increased, land was seized, forced labour (
čitlučenje) was introduced, and many citizens fled the Janissaries in fear.
The Uprising begins
Serb leaders began to conspire about starting an uprising against the dahias. When the dahias found out about this, they captured and killed many of the Serbian leaders on
February 4, 1804 in an event known today as
Seča knezova (Massacre of Serbian knights). This mistake by the Janissaries incited the uprising, as it angered the people and the leaders had nothing to lose.
On
February 14, 1804, in the small Šumadija village of
Orašac, Serbia, the Serbs gathered and decided to undertake an uprising.
Karađorđe Petrović was elected as the leader of the uprising, which started immediately. That afternoon, a Turkish inn (caravanserai) in Orašac was burned and its residents fled or were killed. Similar actions were undertaken in surrounding villages and then spread further. Soon the cities Valjevo and Požarevac were liberated, and the
siege of Belgrade started.
When he was informed about the uprising, Selim III started to negotiate with the rebels. Dahias escaped from Belgrade, but they were captured and killed on the island of Ada Kaleh in the
Danube.Eventually, the negotiations failed, and the Sultan organised a military campaign against the uprising.
The first major battle of the uprising was the
Battle of Ivankovac in 1805, where Karadjordje defeated the Turkish army and forced it to retreat toward
Niš. The second major battle of the uprising was
Battle of Mišar in 1806, in which the rebels defeated an Ottoman army from
Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire led by Kulin Captain. At the same time, the rebels led by
Petar Dobrnjac defeated another army sent from the southeast in the
Battle of Deligrad. In December 1806, the rebels besieged Belgrade, which was liberated in the beginning of
1807.
The outcome
In 1805 the Serbian rebels organized a basic government for administering Serbia during the combat.Rule was divided between the Narodna Skupstina (People's assembly), the Praviteljstvujusci Sovjet (Ruling Council), and
Karadjordje himself. Land was returned, forced labour was abolished, and taxes were reduced. The young state was modernised and by 1808 the Great School was founded, regarded as the foundation of the
University of Belgrade.
Some of the leaders of the uprising later abused their privileges for personal gain, such as the reintroduction of forced labour in some places. There was dissent between Karadjordje and other leaders; Karadjordje wanted absolute power, while his
voivods wanted to limit it. After the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 ended, the Ottoman Empire exploited these circumstances and reconquered Serbia in 1813.
Though ultimately unsuccessful, the First Serbian Uprising paved the way for the
Second Serbian Uprising of 1815, which eventually succeeded in securing Serbian autonomy.
Battles
People
External links
- Program of celebration of 200th anniversary of the uprising
